Red Bulls Marketing Strategies - 1380 Words

Strengths: Red Bull’s marketing strategies focused primarily on selling their energy drinks to young consumers, and extreme sports athletes. Adolescent and young adult consumers are often risk takers and are willing to consume anything that will make them feel alive and energized. â€Å"To build brand image, Mateschitz used grassroots sales tactics that got college students and night clubbers to roll over in sweet surrender, like puppies awaiting chest rubs† (Lidz). Red Bull’s sports event marketing on professional athletes created the gateway to their successful branding strategy of only allowing popular sports companies, such as Formula 1 Racing, to wear their logo as an official sponsor. This is as opposed to Monster Energy Drinks, where†¦show more content†¦Weaknesses: One of Red Bull’s primary target markets are young athletic consumers. However, there are serious side effects that occur, especially among student athletes who consume energy d rinks before, during, or after a game: â€Å"In 2010, four high school football players from Orange County (Calif.) were hospitalized with persistent tachycardia, or rapid heartbeat, after consuming heavily caffeinated drinks before a game† (â€Å"Health Experts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Since Red Bull launched in 1997, health concerns about energy drinks have been expanding consistently among the public. Although they are completely aware of the growing concerns, the company still targets and encourages athletic consumers to purchase Red Bull energy drinks, thereby potentially putting themselves and their consumers’ health at risk. Red Bull prides itself on its marketing techniques and they owe much of their success to how they advertise and promote their brand. Nonetheless, Red Bull has revealed that 40% of all their revenue goes to marketing and advertisement. In 2013, Natalie Zmuda wrote, â€Å"the brand spent $73 million on measured media in the U.S. last year, according to Kantar Media† (Zmuda). Considering that the article is two years old, Red Bull is most likely spending much more than this, and this is on media advertisement alone. This is revenue that could potentially be going towards creating a new product to sell. The company has already made its mark on society,

Income Inequality in Iran Essay examples - 3422 Words

There are many problems that face Third World nations. Income inequality affects all nations in the world. It affects some countries more than others though. Income inequality is a major problem in the Third World. In the Third World, the top 1% of people earns 15 % of the income, and the top 5% earn 40% of the income. However the poorest 20% earn only 1% of the global income. This creates a world of haves and have nots. This affects many aspects of society in a county. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, income inequity is a serious issue. One social service that is affected greatly is education. Areas that are poorer do not get the same level of education as areas that are richer receive. This inequality in education is caused†¦show more content†¦The lack of foreign trade has severely hurt its GDP, but Iran is able to trade oil with China and receive large profits. This has been able to help grow the Iranian economy. However, the oil profits have not been able t o eradicate income inequality in Iran. There are many ways to measure income inequality of a nation. One way to measure income inequality is to check the distribution of benefits toward the overall population over broad demographics. For example, the distribution of education or health care over the entire population is a good measure of economic inequality. How many schools per capita is another way to measure income inequality. The most common way to measure income inequality is by the Gini Coefficient. The Gini Coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 meaning total income equality where everyone has an equal amount of personal income, to 1, where 1 person has all the income and everyone else has none of the income. Most nations fall between 0.12 and 0.75. The Gini Coefficient in 2010 for Iran is 0.44. This is a medium Gini Coefficient. For comparison, the Gini Coefficient for the United States is 0.38. The United States has a high Gini Coefficient for the developed world while Iran has a low Gini Coefficient for the developing world. The largest area of inequality in Iran is the rural-urban divide. In the mid-1980s there was an economic recession thatShow MoreRelatedThe main question is that whether my country is equitable information society or not. What does it700 Words   |  3 Pagesterm in social science, inequality. Classical and contemporary social theorists such as Weber, Marx and Burdieu expose it to discussion. In this sense, society is seen as a stratification system that is based on a hierarchy of power (the ability to direct someone else’s behavior), privilege (honor and respect), and prestige (income, wealth, and property), which leads to patterns of social inequality (Crossma, n.d.). There are two main paradigms which aim to theorize inequality in context of society;Read MoreIran s Impact On The Economy Of Iran1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe economy of Iran has caused a wave of disorder around the world. The root of Iran†™s problems comes from their troubled past which affects them today and will in the future. Iran is grasping desperately to stay relevant in todays world due to a struggling society and constant disagreement among leaders and their citizens. Iran has 10% of the world’s oil and has the fourth largest oil reserve in the world plus it ranks with the top 10 producers of global oil1. Despite having so many geographicalRead MoreThe Importance Of Doing Business In Iraq1175 Words   |  5 PagesNational Information of Iran GDP is a national measure of monetary value of all of the final goods, products and services, of a country in a given period. Nominal GDP is then used to distinguish the performance of different countries and periods. Iran’s GDP was $393.44 billion US dollars in 2015, according to Trading Economics (2017). The Islamic Republic has the second largest economy in the Middle East, behind Saudi Arabia. The world bank classifies it as an upper middle income country. The biggestRead MoreIran Changed The Middle East2133 Words   |  9 PagesIran, known as the Republic of Iran located in the Middle East, has been in economic and political downturn since its 1979 revolution. Led by supreme leader named Ayatollah Ali khamenei, who is responsible for their actions and supervision. It is a complex government, very islamic, the problems they are facing is economic development, transforming their government into a stable consolidated democracy and defining their national identity. Iran chan ged the Middle East by spreading its idea s and formsRead MoreIsrael s International Affairs : A Major Issue Of Social Inequality1149 Words   |  5 Pagesforths with Iran, Israel has a major issue of social inequality within their nation. Despite narrowing the number of Israelis in poverty and raising incomes in recent years, Inequality in Israel is still one of the highest of the Western developed countries. According to a report released by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 18.6% of Israelis live beneath the poverty line, which can be defined as those who earn less than 50% of Israel’s median national income. Meanwhile,Read MoreGender Inequality : What s The Right Thing?1283 Words   |  6 PagesRobyn Mendoza Ms. Bergen English 10- 2 26 April 2013 Gender Inequality Gender inequality is an on going topic in society today. Women continue to struggle in finding equality next to men. Women should have the exact same rights as men, no matter what the differences are between the two genders. In the book Justice: What s the Right Thing to Do, Aristotle’s theory of justice is â€Å"giving people what they deserve† (Sandel 9). Women should not be restricted or constrained from anything that menRead MoreThe Issue Of Workplace Inequality1255 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many origins to the issue of workplace inequality. Across the world, women are getting paid less and less. The gender wage gap now stands at an average of 22 cents between genders. It is common knowledge that women were often not allowed to work in the past, and if they did they didn’t have the best jobs. With women increasing their education and work experience, it shouldn’t still be an issue. On average, a woman who goes to the same college, gets the sa me job, and has the same amountRead MoreFriedman s Explanation Of The Brave New World Facing Us Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesFriedman says the world is flat, he means that the world economy is fast becoming a â€Å"level playing field† in which opportunities are converging. But, the truth is we live in a world with enormous inequalities, 20% of the world population living in the developed countries having 80% of the GDP of the world income as compared to the rest of the world. Factory workers in the United States saw their jobs being threatened by competition from China. Farmers in developing countries saw their jobs being threatenedRead MoreThe Iranian Revolution Of 19791396 Words   |  6 Pagesfigures set in a dichotomy of sorts, with each representing the two different states of Iran, Iran pre and post revolution. These two individuals, Mohamed Reza Pahlavi and Ruhollah Khomeini comprised the leadership position of Iran before and after the revolution, and due to acti ons of those who were in favor of the revolution became directly associated with what was the old, and what was the new path for Iran. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was one of many efforts in widely Islamic nations thatRead MoreInternational Trade And Gender Wage Inequality1426 Words   |  6 Pagesand Gender Wage Inequality Motivation for the Research: In recent years, globalization and international trade has become a significant issue for countries. Consumers tend to use more goods and services and due to the lack of resources, the need to trade with other countries seems to be inevitable. Assuming that globalization would occur, labor factors become noteworthy. Although growth in international trade provide more job opportunities for people, there are still inequality in wage between male

Cinematography Essay examples - 1197 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today, the movie industry has become a huge moneymaker in the entertainment business. You cannot turn on the television without seeing advertisements for the next big blockbuster film. While most of the films these days entertain with amazing special effects or raunchy comedy, there are still films that thrive because of great acting, directing, and editing. Three films that I believe would be great examples of the way these aspects can cause a film to excel are ?Any Given Sunday?, ?The Cell?, and ?Almost Famous?. ?Any Given Sunday? shows how, by using editing, a movie can portray an intense situation realistically. In ?The Cell?, color is used to differentiate between how we see things in reality and how†¦show more content†¦Panning shots of cheering fans and screaming coaches along with occasional shots of the game being broadcast on a television with commentators giving their take on the action send the viewer back to the reality that they are onl y watching the action and not participating in it. While watching this movie you truly feel like you are in the game. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;?The Cell?, instead of focusing on accurately portraying reality, takes you to the dream world. Catherine Deane, played by Jennifer Lopez, is a child psychologist involved in an experimental project that allows her to travel inside the mind of coma victims to try to draw them away from their fears and thus out of their coma. This movie portrays the journey inside the mind much like you would depict a dream. When Deane is inside a young child, whose main concern seems to be a fear of the ?boogie man?, the world she enters is a beautiful desert scene where the sky is bright blue with puffy white clouds. She is always dressed in bright white dresses and seems to glow. This depicts that she has earned the child?s trust. All color is brighter in this dreamlike world. Even though these experiments had not been successful bringing the child out of the coma, Dean was able to learn a lot about the child. This caused a couple of detectives to approach her about enterin g the mind of a serial killer who had slipped into a coma with the goal of discovering the location of his most recent captive.Show MoreRelatedCinematography Analysis Of Polanskis Chinatown1093 Words   |  5 PagesCinematography Analysis in Chinatown Chinatown is based on Roman Polanski’s lifeworks. Polanski’s goal is to emphasizes the meaning of how cinematography is made, and how it inspires by understanding the concept of setting, lighting, and how the image is captured. This film was released in 1974 by director of Roman Polanski to focus on private investigator J.J. Gittes, played by Jack Nicholson to investigate the elements behind the truth. Polanski’s goal is to emphasize the audience to give anRead MoreThe Impact of Cinematography on Our Life Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s society, film is seen as a major form of entertainment that can also be used to convey certain messages and themes. An aspect of film that is often missed or taken for granted is the impact of cinematography. Cinematography is the art of motion picture photography. Over the years, cinematography has proven itself to be a major contribution to film, furthering its artistic value and evolving as time changes. In the beginning, when film was still an emerging form of technology, expressionRead MoreCitizen Kane : Film Directed By Orson Welles1203 Words   |  5 Pagesmillionaire Foster Kane played by Orson Welles himself. The film is set in the early 1930’s and 40’s and follows his life and the presses attempt to unveil the meaning of his last mysterious word â€Å"Rosebud.† The brilliance of this film comes from the cinematography and shows the assertions of humanity through its use of Mise-en-scene and various technical aspects such as low angle shots and Deep-Focus shots. The use of Deep-Focused shots made this film appeal to people both literally and visually; Deep-FocusedRead MoreThe Discourse Of A Discourse Community1224 Words   |  5 Pagesof the more popular variety, there are many other events just like them that happen all over the world. Apart from conferences and festivals there are many journals and magazines that exist within the film world. There ar e documents specific to cinematography like American Cinematographers which is published by the A.S.C. The A.S.C or â€Å"The American Society of Cinematographers†, is invitation only and they are extended only to directors of photography and special effects experts with outstanding creditsRead MoreGone Girl Is One Of The Best Movies Of 20141022 Words   |  5 Pagesfascinating act making some of these scenes the strongest parts of the film. Montage use makes the film a unique experience since the screens press forward like a living canvas. The cinematography is used in the film to support the plot. The personalities of Nick and Amy are particularly enhanced using cinematography. The twists involved in Amy’s disappearance are enhanced using shot infused tension. Shots in the film incorporate the expanse of space and carefully choreographed movements of the camerasRead MoreThe Language of New Media by Lev Manovich Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesforeseen. Because if this, the transformation and impact was not recorded systematically. With the rise of cinema, a new artistic language was born: cinematography. Even though Manovich criticizes that it was not recorded, we need a form of hindsight to see its importance and its consequences before being able to make an educated judgement about cinematography which will shape the recording of it. Manovich tries to provide â€Å"a potential map of what the field could be† (ibid, pg.11) back in 2001. I thinkRead MoreThe Film War Horse By Michael Morpurgo1575 Words   |  7 PagesHorse is ‘an adaptation of Michael Morpurgo’s’ (Madigan 2012, 48) children’s novel, and gives its viewers a breath-taking tale of a friendship between a horse (Joey) and a young man (Albert) amongst the devastation of World War 1. The films use of cinematography creates an effective and realistic narrative, reviews stating it succeeds in painting an accurate ‘picture of the role played by horses during the First World War’ (Madigan 2012, 49). Without its use of camera angles and cinematic features theRead MoreThe Significance of Lighting, Blocking and Panning in Kane’s Declaration of Principles902 Words   |  4 PagesIn cinema, lighting, blocking and panning drastically influence what an audience will notice and take away from a scene. Orson Welles’s 1941 Citizen Kane has numerous examples of effectively using these aspects within mise-en-scà ¨ne, cinematography and editing to portray the importance of specific events and items in the film. The scene where Kane writes and then publishes his â€Å"Declaration of Principles† (37:42-39:42) in the New York Daily Inquirer after buying them focuses on important elementsRead MoreInception, the Movie600 Words   |  2 PagesInception Inception is not only a film that uses unique cinematography techniques but also tells a story with a big concept that one can’t comprehend right away. The concept of dreams and how one dream can effect another dream is a risky topic to discuss due being the endless possibilities and complexities it can have. The director of Inception was none other than Christopher Nolan, as shown by the obvious concept of noir and conceptual thought that is in many of his films. Together with his partnerRead MoreMovies Falling Under The Romance And Drama Genre, Often1269 Words   |  6 Pagespredictable plot of usually two people falling in love along with some drama that could lead to a very intriguing film. Director Ross Katz, took the novel The Choice, written by Nicholas Sparks, and casted the novel into a film where a large variety of cinematography techniques are used to get different perspectives on the film. Cinematographer Alar Kivilo and director Ross Katz use different cinemati c points of view, color, and camera movement to show how true love can be found by two people. Cinematic

Both Stakeholder and Legitimacy Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Write a report to the Corporate Reporting Manager about two of the more prevalent theories used for evaluating social and environmental (sustainability) accounting are organizationallegitimacyandstakeholder theory. 2.Why would companies have preferred to treat the leases as operating leases (if there is an operating lease then the assets and liabilities associated with leased asset are not shown on the statement of financial position) rather than finance leases (if the lease were a finance lease then the liabilities and assets associated with the lease would be shown on the statement of financial position)? 3.Explain why the change in the accounting standard for leasing might cause Organizations to breach covenants included within debt contracts. 4.Which Organizations would be more likely to lobby against the accounting standard? Answers: 1.Both stakeholder and legitimacy theory have been implemented in order to investigate corporate environmental and social disclosure practices in the developed countries. On one hand, the legitimacy theory primarily depends on the ideology of social contract wherein the organizations seek a positive interconnection with the society in order to make sure that resources are readily available to them. It can be regarded as a common assumption that the activities of an organization are proper, desirable, or effective within some socially established system of beliefs, values, definitions, and values. Furthermore, organizational legitimacy cannot be considered a steady state but instead it is a variable one. Besides, such variability is not temporary in nature but also spatial across cultural and stakeholder groups. Thus, relying on the perception of an organization of their level of legitimacy, an organization can adopt legitimation measures (Richardson Eberlein, 2012). Nevertheless, su ch organizational legitimacy can be enhanced by the utilization of symbolic measures communicating a public image that is aligned with the primary objectives of an organization. On the other hand, the stakeholder theory primarily implies that the organizations prime objective is to establish stakeholder value. The enhancement of the stakeholder value is the major concern of the organization. It is primarily engaged in finding the real stakeholders of the organization and the ways by which they interact and coordinate in order to leave an impact upon the organization (Richardson Eberlein, 2012). In short, it can be commented as a method that will drive the organization and seek betterment of the entire organization. Furthermore, organizations operate with the prior assistance of social contracts that make the stakeholders accessible and eligible to several rights and responsibilities. Besides, it must be taken into consideration that the organizations that are capable in designing a n efficient and adequate link with its stakeholders are more likely to succeed in the competitive market than the others must. Both the theories idealize an organization as a part of a wider social system wherein such organization influences, and is in turn affected by other groups prevailing within the society. While on one hand, the legitimacy theory explains about the anticipations of a society in general, the stakeholder theory on the other hand offers a wider resolution by referring to a specific group in a society (stakeholders). Therefore, the reliance is on a specific group and not the community at large that raise question on the validity of the theory. Moreover, the stakeholder theory accepts the ideology that because distinct groups of stakeholders will have varied perspectives about how an organization must conduct its affairs, there must be several social contracts that are negotiated with such varied groups of stakeholders instead of one single contract with the society in general. Besides, like the stakeholder theory, the legitimacy theory also takes into account the widespread and competing s takeholder groups. The only difference in this scenario is that the stakeholders implied within the legitimacy theory do not have direct links with an organization but are a relevant part of the larger society within which such organization operates (Kruger, 2015). Even though both theories are helpful to the society, yet they possess various deficiencies when it comes to social and environmental practices. The results based on legitimacy theory are often difficult to be quantified and be expressed in monetary terms. Hence, expressing the theory results is a tedious task and leads to complexity. In simple words, such theory generally relies upon indirect aspects. As a result, accounting for such affairs seeks to account for enhancement or prevalence of specific symptoms associated with the performance of particular activities undertaken to maximize the legitimacy of an organization. Such accounting also includes social and environment (sustainability) practices. Similarly, stakeholder theory has more of theoretical particularities that have not been utilized in the explanation of social and environmental accounting. In other words, stakeholder theory is simply inter-related, a multifaceted perspective that embodies the presumptions that are ack nowledged from the aspect of a political economy. This means that the foundation of the theory resides on various theoretical impact and not on a practical one leading to complexity. 2.Organizations often opt to lease long-term assets instead of buying them. Therefore, the decision to lease relies upon various factors like efficient financial terms, keeping assets off the balance sheet, etc. Operating lease offers various advantages that make it the first choice of companies. Firstly, the lesser can retain the ownership of property during and after the term of the lease. Secondly, operating lease minimizes administration for the end-user and allows them to hand the asset back at the end, whilst paying off one single monthly installment (Kwok et. al, 2005). Thirdly, since operating leases are treated as an expense, they remain off the balance sheet, thereby giving the right to lesser to terminate the lease even at shorter notice. 3.The revision of accounting standards can easily have an influence on computations of financial covenants in lending arrangements and other economic In debt contracts, operating leases are not considered as debt but during the revision of accounting standards, such operating leases may shift into the definition of debt. As a result, the amount of debt will be increased that will possess a ripple influence throughout the debt contract (Brown, 2011). Therefore, if revision in accounting standards may cause debt to be enhanced by a larger amount, organizations are more likely to breach covenants that are included in the debt contracts (Gordon et. al, 2012). 4.Organizations that have a potential management and can gain considerably from the potential tax reduction from the accounting method are most likely to lobby against the accounting standard. The management of such organization lobby for accounting method as it leads to higher level of income. Further, if the firms security prices are most likely to be influenced from the accounting numbers then they are most likely to lobby (Daske et. al, 2008). The current scenario of big firms clearly indicates that the accounting numbers are majorly responsible for the security prices and hence, management needs to take adequate consideration for the same (Georgiou, 2004). References Brown, P 2011, International Financial Reporting Standards: How real are the benefits? Accounting and Business Research, pp. 269-285. Daske, H, Hail, L. Leuz, C Verdi, R. S 2008, Mandatory IFRS reporting around the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 1085-1142. Georgiou, G. 2004, Corporate lobbying on accounting standard methods, timing and perceived effectiveness, Abacus, 40 (2), pp. 219237. Gordon, L. A, Loeb, M. P Zhu, W 2012, The impact of IFRS adoption on foreign direct investment, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, vol.31, no. 4, pp. 374-398. Kwok, W. C. C. and Sharp, D. 2005, Power and international accounting standard setting evidence from segment reporting and intangible asset projects, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, vol.18, no. 1, pp. 7499. Richardson, A. J. and Eberlein, B. 2011, Legitimating transnational standard-setting: the case of the International Accounting Standards Board, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 217245. Kruger, P 2015, Corporate goodness and shareholder wealth, Journal of Financial economics, pp. 304-329